KLOW is a single 80 mg lyophilized vial containing four compounds: GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV. GHK-Cu is the predominant component; exact proportions for the vial you receive are printed on that lot's certificate of analysis.

Each component is assayed by HPLC-UV at 220 nm for purity under USP , identity is confirmed by FTIR under USP , and bacterial endotoxin is measured by gel-clot LAL under USP . Testing is performed by an accredited third-party laboratory, not in house.

Why are these four compounds combined?

Each has been studied in a different part of the matrix-remodelling and inflammatory-signalling literature — copper transport and matrix remodelling, angiogenic and gastrointestinal models, actin sequestration, and melanocortin-pathway inflammatory signalling. Combining them into one vial is a formulation convenience for researchers designing multi-component protocols; it is not evidence of a combined effect.

Is KLOW for human use?

No. KLOW is supplied for research use only and is not for human or veterinary use.

Sequence	N/A (dinucleotide)
Length	N/A
Formula	C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
Mol. weight	663.43 g/mol
CAS	53-84-9
PubChem	5892

Cellular

NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a ubiquitous coenzyme central to cellular redox biology, sirtuin-pathway biology, and DNA-repair signaling. Crescent supplies NAD+ in a buffered lyophilized form at 1,000 mg per vial.

Molecular structure

Sequence N/A (dinucleotide)

What it has been studied for

Research interest spans mitochondrial biology, sirtuin-pathway studies, PARP-mediated DNA repair, and aging-axis research. The buffered preparation brings solutions closer to physiological pH for research applications.

References

Citations for this compound are being verified against the primary sources before they are listed. Nothing appears here until it has been checked.

Back to NAD+

For Research Use Only. Not for human or veterinary use.